Educational Articles -
References
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Pelvic Floor Health
- Wallace SL, Miller LD, Mishra K. Pelvic floor physical therapy in the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction in women. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Dec;31(6):485-493. doi: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000584. PMID: 31609735.
- Raizada V, Mittal RK. Pelvic floor anatomy and applied physiology. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2008 Sep;37(3):493-509, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2008.06.003. PMID: 18793993; PMCID: PMC2617789.
- Vaz CT, Sampaio RF, Saltiel F, Figueiredo EM. Effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training and bladder training for women with urinary incontinence in primary care: a pragmatic controlled trial. Braz J Phys Ther. 2019 Mar-Apr;23(2):116-124. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.01.007. Epub 2019 Jan 19. PMID: 30704906; PMCID: PMC6428909.
- Cho ST, Kim KH. Pelvic floor muscle exercise and training for coping with urinary incontinence. J Exerc Rehabil. 2021 Dec 27;17(6):379-387. doi: 10.12965/jer.2142666.333. PMID: 35036386; PMCID: PMC8743604.
- Szumilewicz A, Dornowski M, Piernicka M, Worska A, Kuchta A, Kortas J, Błudnicka M, Radzimiński Ł, Jastrzębski Z. High-Low Impact Exercise Program Including Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises Improves Pelvic Floor Muscle Function in Healthy Pregnant Women - A Randomized Control Trial. Front Physiol. 2019 Jan 30;9:1867. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01867. PMID: 30761019; PMCID: PMC6363702.
- Radzimińska A, Strączyńska A, Weber-Rajek M, Styczyńska H, Strojek K, Piekorz Z. The impact of pelvic floor muscle training on the quality of life of women with urinary incontinence: a systematic literature review. Clin Interv Aging. 2018 May 17;13:957-965. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S160057. PMID: 29844662; PMCID: PMC5962309.
- Menezes EC, da Silva Pereira F, Porto RM, Fank F, Mazo GZ. Effect of exercise on female pelvic floor morphology and muscle function: a systematic review. Int Urogynecol J. 2023 May;34(5):963-977. doi: 10.1007/ s00192-022-05375-3. Epub 2022 Oct 7. Erratum in: Int Urogynecol J. 2023 May;34(5):979-980. doi: 10.1007/ s00192-023-05521-5. PMID: 36205725.
- Jorge, J., & Bustamante-Lopez, L. (2022). Pelvic floor anatomy. Annals Of Laparoscopic And Endoscopic Surgery, 7. doi:10.21037/ales-2022-06
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Last Reviewed:
March 10, 2025
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Last Updated:
April 29, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Patient’s guide to edema
- Patel H, Skok C, DeMarco A. Peripheral Edema: Evaluation and Management in Primary Care. Am Fam Physician. 2022 Nov;106(5):557-564. PMID: 36379502.
- Ely JW, Osheroff JA, Chambliss ML, Ebell MH. Approach to leg edema of unclear etiology. J Am Board Fam Med. 2006 Mar-Apr;19(2):148-60. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.19.2.148. Erratum in: J Am Board Fam Med. 2008 Jan-Feb;21(1):86. PMID: 16513903.
- Virginia E. Parks, DPM, Joseph Park, DPM, John s. Steinberg, DPM. Evidence-Based Edema Reduction for the Treatment of Wounds. OCTOBER 2018 | PODIATRY MANAGEMENT
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Last Reviewed:
December 4, 2024
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Last Updated:
April 29, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Olecranon bursitis
- Williams CH, Jamal Z, Sternard BT. Bursitis. [Updated 2023 Jul 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-.
- Clinical Management of Olecranon Bursitis: A Review Volume 46, Issue 6p501-506June 2021 Nzuekoh N. Nchinda, BA, Jennifer Moriatis Wolf, MD, PhD
- Blackwell JR, Hay BA, Bolt AM, Hay SM. Olecranon bursitis: a systematic overview. Shoulder Elbow. 2014 Jul;6(3):182-90. doi: 10.1177/1758573214532787. Epub 2014 May 6. PMID: 27582935; PMCID: PMC4935058.
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Last Reviewed:
December 16, 2024
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Last Updated:
April 29, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Meniscal tear
- Cong T, Reddy RP, Hall AJ, Ernazarov A, Gladstone J. Current Practices for Rehabilitation After Meniscus Repair: A Survey of Members of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2024;12(2). doi:10.1177/23259671231226134.
- Surgery versus Physical Therapy for a Meniscal Tear and Osteoarthritis - Jeffrey N. Katz, M.D., Robert H. Brophy, M.D., Christine E. Chaisson, M.P.H., Leigh de Chaves, P.T., O.C.S., Brian J. Cole, M.D., M.B.A., Diane L. Dahm, M.D., Laurel A. Donnell-Fink, M.P.H., +21, and Elena Losina, Ph.D.Author Info & Affiliations
- Risk Factors for Meniscal Tears: A Systematic Review Including Meta-analysis. Barbara A.M. Snoeker, MSc1, Eric W.P. Bakker, PhD1, Cornelia A.T. Kegel, PhD2, Cees Lucas, PhD1. **Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. Published Online:June 1, 2013. Volume 43, Issue 6 (Pages 352-367) https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2013.4295**
- Bhan K. Meniscal Tears: Current Understanding, Diagnosis, and Management. Cureus. 2020 Jun 13;12(6):e8590. doi: 10.7759/cureus.8590. PMID: 32676231; PMCID: PMC7359983.
- Damodar D, Plotsker E, Greif D, Rizzo MG, Baraga MG, Kaplan LD. The 50 Most Cited Articles in Meniscal Injury Research. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021;9(4). doi:10.1177/2325967121994909
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Last Reviewed:
December 16, 2024
|
Last Updated:
April 29, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
