Educational Articles -
References
Preoperative: Shoulder release
- Mayo Clinic Staff. Shoulder replacement surgery care. Mayo Clinic, 2024.
- NHS. Recovering from shoulder surgery. NHS UK, 2023.
- Funk, L. Rehabilitation after shoulder surgery. ShoulderDoc, 2023.
- OTA. Post-surgical rehabilitation guidelines for shoulder injuries. Orthopaedic Trauma Association, 2023.
Last Reviewed:
December 16, 2024
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Last Updated:
April 29, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Preoperative: Total knee replacement
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Joint replacement (primary): hip, knee and shoulder. NICE guideline [NG157]. Published June 4, 2020. Accessed [5th of Feb 2024]. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng157
- Aggarwal A, Adie S, Harris IA, Naylor J. Cryotherapy following total knee replacement. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2023, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD007911. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007911.pub3.
- NHS. Preparing for a knee replacement. NHS. Published March 9, 2023. Accessed [15th of Jan 2024]. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/knee-replacement/preparation/
- NHS. Complications of a knee replacement. NHS. Published March 9, 2023. Accessed [15th of Jan 2024]. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/knee-replacement/complications/
- Wei B, Tang C, Li X, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols in total knee arthroplasty via midvastus approach: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1):856. Published 2021 Oct 8. doi:10.1186/s12891-021-04731-6
- Soffin EM, YaDeau JT. Enhanced recovery after surgery for primary hip and knee arthroplasty: a review of the evidence. Br J Anaesth. 2016;117(suppl 3):iii62-iii72. doi:10.1093/bja/aew362
- Seward MW, Chen AF. Obesity, preoperative weight loss, and telemedicine before total joint arthroplasty: a review. Arthroplasty. 2022;4(1):2. doi:10.1186/s42836-021-00102-7
- Dowsey MM, Choong PF. Obesity is a major risk factor for prosthetic infection after primary hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(1):153-158. doi:10.1007/s11999-007-0016-3
- Liljensøe A, Laursen JO, Bliddal H, Søballe K, Mechlenburg I. Weight Loss Intervention Before Total Knee Replacement: A 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial. Scand J Surg. 2021;110(1):3-12. doi:10.1177/1457496919883812
Last Reviewed:
March 19, 2024
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Last Updated:
April 29, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Preoperative: Knee arthroscopy
- Caldwell K, Harrison M, Adams M, Triplett NT. Wpływ treningu pilates i taiji quan na poczucie własnej skuteczności, jakość snu, nastrój i sprawność fizyczną studentów. Jour-nal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2009; 13(2):155-63.
- Curi Pérez VS, Haas AN, Wolff SS. Analiza aktywności w codziennym życiu osób starszych poddanych metodzie Pilates. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2014;18(3):326-31.
- Golpaygani M, Mahdavi S, Moradi L. [The effects of apilates training program on the function and pain of pa-tients with disc herniation with lumbosciatalgia (Persian)].Journal of Exercise Science and Medicine. 2013; 5(1):41-53.
- Rahimi D, et al. Wpływ ćwiczeń Pilates na funkcjonowanie kobiet z zespołem dolnego skrzyżowania. PTJ. 2022; 12(4):269-278.
Last Reviewed:
December 12, 2024
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Last Updated:
April 29, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Physical activity and pain
- González-Iglesias, M.; Martínez-Benito, A.; López-Vidal, J.A.; Melis-Romeu, A.; Gómez-Rabadán, D.J.; Reina-Varona, Á.; Di-Bonaventura, S.; La Touche, R.; Fierro-Marrero, J. Understanding Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia: An Umbrella Review of Scientific Evidence and Qualitative Content Analysis. Medicina2025, 61, 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61030401
- Polaski AM, Phelps AL, Kostek MC, Szucs KA, Kolber BJ. Exercise-induced hypoalgesia: A meta-analysis of exercise dosing for the treatment of chronic pain. PLoS One. 2019 Jan 9;14(1):e0210418. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210418. PMID: 30625201; PMCID: PMC6326521.
- Wewege MA, Jones MD. Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia in Healthy Individuals and People With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pain. 2021 Jan;22(1):21-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2020.04.003. Epub 2020 Jun 26. PMID: 32599154.
Last Reviewed:
April 3, 2025
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Last Updated:
April 29, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
