Educational Articles -
References

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Talk Test - How to use the Talk Test to estimate exercise intensity?

  • Garber CE et al (2011) Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 43(7):1334-1359. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb.
  • Borg GAV (1982) Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 14(5):377-381.
  • Reed JL and Pipe AL (2014) The talk test: a useful tool for prescribing and monitoring exercise intensity. Curr Opin Cardiol. 29(5):475-480. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000097
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Last Reviewed:

January 4, 2023

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Last Updated:

October 24, 2023

Level

Type of evidence

I

Large RCTs with clear cut results

II

Small RCTs with unclear results

III

Cohort and case-control studies

IV

Historical cohort or case-control studies

V

Case series, studies with no controls

Level of Evidence:

Sternal precautions - Things to know after median sternotomy

  • Cahalin L, Lapier TK, Shaw DK. Sternal precautions: Is it time for change? Precautions versus restrictions – a review of literature and recommendations for revision. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J. 2011;22:5–15.
  • El-Ansary D, LaPier TK, Adams J, et al. An evidence-based perspective on movement and activity following median sternotomy. Phys Ther. 2019;99:1587–1601.
  • Adams J, Pullum G, Stafford P, Hanners N, Hartman J, Strauss D, Hubbard M, Lawrence A, Anderson V, McCullough T. Challenging traditional activity limits after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a simulated lawn-mowing activity. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2008;28(2):118–121.
  • Parker R, Adams JL, Ogola G, McBrayer D, Hubbard JM, McCullough TL, Hartman JM, Cleveland T. Current activity guidelines for CABG patients are too restrictive: comparison of the forces exerted on the median sternotomy during a cough vs. lifting activities combined with Valsalva maneuver. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;56(4):190–194.
  • Adams J, Schmid J, Parker RD, Coast JR, Cheng D, Killian AD, McCray S, Strauss D, McLeroy Dejong S, Berbarie R. Comparison of force exerted on the sternum during a sneeze versus during low-, moderate-, and high-intensity bench press resistance exercise with and without the Valsalva maneuver in healthy volunteers. Am J Cardiol 2014;113(6):1045–1048.
  • Brocki BC, Thorup CB, Andreasen JJ. Precautions related to midline sternotomy in cardiac surgery: a review of mechanical stress factors leading to sternal complications. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2010;9:77–84.
  • Adams J, Lotshaw A, Exum E et al. An alternative approach to prescribing sternal precaution after median sternotomy, “Keep Your Move in the Tube.” Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2016;29(1):97-100.
  • WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
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Last Reviewed:

March 31, 2023

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Last Updated:

October 24, 2023

Level

Type of evidence

I

Large RCTs with clear cut results

II

Small RCTs with unclear results

III

Cohort and case-control studies

IV

Historical cohort or case-control studies

V

Case series, studies with no controls

Level of Evidence:

Implantable cardiac devices

  • Ahn J, et al. Role of early short-term cardiac rehabilitation in patients undergoing pacemaker implantation. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Dec 22;22(4):1603-1610. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2204166.
  • St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney (2014) How to care for yourself after getting a pacemaker or defibrillator. https://www.svhhearthealth.com.au/procedures/procedures-treatments/pacemaker
  • Glikson M, et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J. 2021 Sep 14;42(35):3427-3520. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab364.
  • Heidbuchel H, et al; EAPC/EHRA update of the Recommendations for participation in leisure-time physical activity and competitive sports in patients with arrhythmias and potentially arrhythmogenic conditions.  Part 2: ventricular arrhythmias, channelopathies, and implantable defibrillators. Europace. 2021 Jan 27;23(1):147-148. doi: 10.1093/europace/euaa106.
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Last Reviewed:

February 3, 2023

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Last Updated:

October 24, 2023

Level

Type of evidence

I

Large RCTs with clear cut results

II

Small RCTs with unclear results

III

Cohort and case-control studies

IV

Historical cohort or case-control studies

V

Case series, studies with no controls

Level of Evidence:

Mindfulness - The tree pillars of integrated awareness practices

  • Siegel Daniel J. Aware. Research and The Science and Practice of Presence. 2018 Mind Your Brain, Inc., New York
  • Siegel Daniel J. ItraConnected: MWe (Me+We) as the Integration of Self, Identity and Belonging (Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology). 2022 W.W. Norton, New York
  • Price CJ, Weng HY. Facilitating Adaptive Emotion Processing and Somatic Reappraisal via Sustained Mindful Interoceptive Attention. Front Psychol. 2021 Sep 8;12:578827. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.578827.
  • Davidson RJ, Kabat-Zinn J, Schumacher J, Rosenkranz M, Muller D, Santorelli SF, Urbanowski F, Harrington A, Bonus K, Sheridan JF. Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosom Med. 2003 Jul-Aug;65(4):564-70. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000077505.67574.e3.
  • Fredrickson BL, Grewen KM, Coffey KA, Algoe SB, Firestine AM, Arevalo JM, Ma J, Cole SW. A functional genomic perspective on human well-being. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Aug 13;110(33):13684-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1305419110.
  • Gibson J. Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective. Front Psychol. 2019 Sep 13;10:2012. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02012.
  • Weng HY, Feldman JL, Leggio L, Napadow V, Park J, Price CJ. Interventions and Manipulations of Interoception. Trends Neurosci. 2021 Jan;44(1):52-62. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.010.
  • Ansari A, Pillarisetty LS. Embryology, Ectoderm. 2023 May 1. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan–. PMID: 30969658. Accessed: June 5th 2023 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30969658/]
  • Nathalie Delay. La Voie du Réel: Yoga tantrique - Retour à Soi. Éditions Synchronique, Paris, France 2022
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Last Reviewed:

August 30, 2023

|

Last Updated:

August 30, 2023

Level

Type of evidence

I

Large RCTs with clear cut results

II

Small RCTs with unclear results

III

Cohort and case-control studies

IV

Historical cohort or case-control studies

V

Case series, studies with no controls

Level of Evidence: