Educational Articles -
References
What to expect after a total hip replacement
- Wei B, Tang C, Li X, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols in total knee arthroplasty via midvastus approach: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1):856. Published 2021 Oct 8. doi:10.1186/s12891-021-04731-6
- Soffin EM, YaDeau JT. Enhanced recovery after surgery for primary hip and knee arthroplasty: a review of the evidence. Br J Anaesth. 2016;117(suppl 3):iii62-iii72. doi:10.1093/bja/aew362
- Aggarwal A, Adie S, Harris IA, Naylor J. Cryotherapy following total knee replacement. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;(9):CD007911. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007911.pub3
- Machin JT, et al. An Analysis of a National Administrative Dataset Demonstrating No Evidence of Increase in Elective Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Dislocation Rates When Postoperative Hip Precautions are Not Used. J Arthroplasty. 2022;37(12):2365-2373. doi:10.1016/j.arth.2022.05.040.
Last Reviewed:
March 19, 2024
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Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
- Ferreira SS, Krinski K, Alves RC, Benites ML, Redkva PE, Elsangedy HM, Buzzachera CF, Souza-Junior TP, da Silva SG. The Use of Session RPE to Monitor the Intensity of Weight Training in Older Women: Acute Responses to Eccentric, Concentric, and Dynamic Exercises. J Aging Res. 2014;2014:749317. doi: 10.1155/2014/749317. Epub 2014 Apr 13. PMID: 24834354; PMCID: PMC4009156.
- Coratella, G. Appropriate Reporting of Exercise Variables in Resistance Training Protocols: Much more than Load and Number of Repetitions. Sports Med - Open8, 99 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00492-1
- Prudêncio, D.A., Maffulli, N., Migliorini, F. et al. Eccentric exercise is more effective than other exercises in the treatment of mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 15, 9 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-023-00618-2
- Hollander DB, Durand RJ, Trynicki JL, Larock D, Castracane VD, Hebert EP, Kraemer RR. RPE, pain, and physiological adjustment to concentric and eccentric contractions. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Jun;35(6):1017-25. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000069749.13258.4E. PMID: 12783051.
- Lum D, Comfort P, Barbosa TM, Balasekaran G. Comparing the effects of plyometric and isometric strength training on dynamic and isometric force-time characteristics. Biol Sport. 2022;39(1):189–197.
Last Reviewed:
May 13, 2025
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Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Shoulder osteoarthritis
- Larsen, J.B., Østergaard, H.K., Thillemann, T.M. et al. Are progressive shoulder exercises feasible in patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis or rotator cuff tear arthropathy?. Pilot Feasibility Stud 8, 168 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-022-01127-8
- Killian, M.L., Cavinatto, L., Galatz, L.M. et al. Recent advances in shoulder research . Arthritis Res Ther 14, 214 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/ar3846
- Ansok CB, Muh SJ. Optimal management of glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Orthop Res Rev. 2018 Feb 23;10:9-18. doi: 10.2147/ORR.S134732. PMID: 30774456; PMCID: PMC6209346.
- Chillemi C, Franceschini V. Shoulder osteoarthritis. Arthritis. 2013;2013:370231. doi: 10.1155/2013/370231. Epub 2013 Jan 10. PMID: 23365745; PMCID: PMC3556427.
Last Reviewed:
December 19, 2024
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Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Shoulder instability
- Jaggi A, Alexander S. Rehabilitation for Shoulder Instability - Current Approaches. Open Orthop J. 2017 Aug 31;11:957-971. doi: 10.2174/1874325001711010957. PMID: 28979601; PMCID: PMC5611703.
- Jobe FW, Moynes DR, Brewster CE. Rehabilitation of shoulder joint instabilities. Orthop Clin North Am. 1987 Jul;18(3):473-82. PMID: 3441367.
Last Reviewed:
March 28, 2025
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Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
