Educational Articles -
References
Non-specific LBP (acute)
- Oliveira, C.B., Maher, C.G., Pinto, R.Z. et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care: an updated overview. Eur Spine J27, 2791–2803 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-018-5673-2R.
- Buchbinder, M. van Tulder, J. Öberg, G. Costa, and J. Woolf "Low back pain: A major global challenge" 2018.
- D. Oliveira, L. Maher, C. Pinto, R. Traeger, and J. Lin. "Clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care: An updated overview". 2018.
Last Reviewed:
July 16, 2024
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Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Nutrition after COVID-19
- D.A. Greenhalgh, A. Knight, M. A’Court, P. Buxton, and C. Husain. "Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome" 2020.
- F. Muscaritoli, F. Anker, S. Argilés, Z. Aversa, and E. Bauer. "Nutritional management of patients during and after COVID-19 illness" 2021.
- R. Barazzoni, S. Bischoff, M. Boirie, C. Cederholm, and A. Chourdakis. "Nutritional care of COVID-19 patients: A position paper from the ESPEN" 2020.
Last Reviewed:
July 16, 2024
|
Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Concussion - Post-traumatic headache
- Harmon KG, Clugston JR, Dec K, Hainline B, Herring SA, Kane S, et al. "American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement on Concussion in Sport." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2019;29(2):87–100.
- Leddy J, Lesh K, Haider MN, Czuczman N, Baker JG, Miecznikowski J, et al. "Derivation of a focused, brief concussion physical examination for adolescents with sport-related concussion." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2018;31(1):7–14.
- Mayo Clinic. "Persistent post-concussive symptoms (Post-concussion syndrome) - Symptoms and causes." Mayo Clinic, 2023.
Last Reviewed:
July 16, 2024
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Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Post-operative deep vein thrombosis
- Haykal T, Kheiri B, Zayed Y, et al. Aspirin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after hip or knee arthroplasty: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop. 2019;16(4):294-302. Published 2019 Mar 21. doi:10.1016/j.jor.2019.03.003
- NHS. DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis). NHS. Last reviewed March 22, 2023. Accessed [Feb 9th 2024]. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt/
Last Reviewed:
March 13, 2024
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Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
