Educational Articles -
References
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Training principles - training frequency
- Schoenfeld BJ, Ogborn D, Krieger JW. "Effects of Resistance Training Frequency on Measures of Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" 2016.
- Williams MA, Haskell WL, Ades PA, et al. "The Role of Resistance Training in the Prevention and Management of Chronic Disease" 2007.
- Rhea MR, Alvar BA, Burkett LN, et al. "Resistance Training Volume Enhances Muscle Hypertrophy" 2003.
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Last Reviewed:
July 5, 2024
|
Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Post-operative deep vein thrombosis
- Haykal T, Kheiri B, Zayed Y, et al. Aspirin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after hip or knee arthroplasty: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop. 2019;16(4):294-302. Published 2019 Mar 21. doi:10.1016/j.jor.2019.03.003
- NHS. DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis). NHS. Last reviewed March 22, 2023. Accessed [Feb 9th 2024]. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt/
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Last Reviewed:
March 13, 2024
|
Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
5 tips before your total hip replacement operation
- NHS. Hip Replacement. NHS. Last reviewed December 23, 2019. Accessed [8th of March 2024]. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hip-replacement/
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Joint replacement (primary): hip, knee and shoulder. NICE guideline [NG157]. Published June 4, 2020. Accessed [8th of March 2024]. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng157
- Liljensøe A, Laursen JO, Bliddal H, Søballe K, Mechlenburg I. Weight Loss Intervention Before Total Knee Replacement: A 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial. Scand J Surg. 2021;110(1):3-12. doi:10.1177/1457496919883812
- Fenske, F., Kujat, B., Krause, L. et al. Preoperative dental screening can reduce periprosthetic infections of hip and knee endoprostheses in the first month after surgery: results of a cohort study. Infection (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-023-02128-2
- Soffin EM, YaDeau JT. Enhanced recovery after surgery for primary hip and knee arthroplasty: a review of the evidence. Br J Anaesth. 2016;117(suppl 3):iii62-iii72. doi:10.1093/bja/aew362
- Dowsey MM, Choong PF. Obesity is a major risk factor for prosthetic infection after primary hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(1):153-158. doi:10.1007/s11999-007-0016-3
- Aggarwal A, Adie S, Harris IA, Naylor J. Cryotherapy following total knee replacement. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2023, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD007911. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007911.pub3.
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Last Reviewed:
March 13, 2024
|
Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Plantar fasciopathy
- Siriphorn A, Eksakulkla S. Calf stretching and plantar fascia-specific stretching for plantar fasciitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020;24(4):222-232. doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.06.013
- Huffer D, Hing W, Newton R, Clair M. Strength training for plantar fasciitis and the intrinsic foot musculature: A systematic review. Phys Ther Sport. 2017;24:44-52. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.08.008
- Morrissey D, Cotchett M, J'Bari AS, et al. Management of plantar heel pain: a best practice guide informed by a systematic review, expert clinical reasoning and patient values. Br J Sports Med. 2021;55(19):1106-1118. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-101970
- Hawke F, Burns J, Radford JA, du Toit V. Custom‐made foot orthoses for the treatment of foot pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(16 July). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006801.pub2
- Riel H, Vicenzino B, Olesen JL, Jensen MB, Ehlers LH, Rathleff MS. Does a corticosteroid injection plus exercise or exercise alone add to the effect of patient advice and a heel cup for patients with plantar fasciopathy? A randomised clinical trial. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(18):1180-1186. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2023-106948
- Rhim HC, Kwon J, Park J, Borg-Stein J, Tenforde AS. A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews on the Epidemiology, Evaluation, and Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis. Life. 2021;11(12):1287. doi:10.3390/life11121287
- Hamstra-Wright KL, Huxel Bliven KC, Aydemir B. Risk Factors for Plantar Fasciitis in Physically Active Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. AOSSM. 2021;13(3). doi:10.1177/1941738120970976
- Latt LD, Jaffe DE, Taljanovic MS. Evaluation and Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis. Foot Ankle Orthop. 2020;Feb 13. doi:10.1177/2473011419896763
- NHS. Plantar Fasciitis. February 7, 2022. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/plantar-fasciitis/. Accessed [5th of March 2024].
- KOC TA JR., BISE CG, NEVILLE C, CARREIRA D, MARTIN RL, MCDONOUGH CM. Heel Pain – Plantar Fasciitis: Revision 2023. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2023;53(12):CPG1-CPG39. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.0303
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Last Reviewed:
March 5, 2024
|
Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
