Educational Articles -
References
Training principles - training frequency
- Schoenfeld BJ, Ogborn D, Krieger JW. "Effects of Resistance Training Frequency on Measures of Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" 2016.
- Williams MA, Haskell WL, Ades PA, et al. "The Role of Resistance Training in the Prevention and Management of Chronic Disease" 2007.
- Rhea MR, Alvar BA, Burkett LN, et al. "Resistance Training Volume Enhances Muscle Hypertrophy" 2003.
Last Reviewed:
July 5, 2024
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Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Concussion - Post-traumatic headache
- Harmon KG, Clugston JR, Dec K, Hainline B, Herring SA, Kane S, et al. "American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement on Concussion in Sport." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2019;29(2):87–100.
- Leddy J, Lesh K, Haider MN, Czuczman N, Baker JG, Miecznikowski J, et al. "Derivation of a focused, brief concussion physical examination for adolescents with sport-related concussion." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2018;31(1):7–14.
- Mayo Clinic. "Persistent post-concussive symptoms (Post-concussion syndrome) - Symptoms and causes." Mayo Clinic, 2023.
Last Reviewed:
July 16, 2024
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Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Post-operative deep vein thrombosis
- Haykal T, Kheiri B, Zayed Y, et al. Aspirin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after hip or knee arthroplasty: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop. 2019;16(4):294-302. Published 2019 Mar 21. doi:10.1016/j.jor.2019.03.003
- NHS. DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis). NHS. Last reviewed March 22, 2023. Accessed [Feb 9th 2024]. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt/
Last Reviewed:
March 13, 2024
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Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
5 tips before your total hip replacement operation
- NHS. Hip Replacement. NHS. Last reviewed December 23, 2019. Accessed [8th of March 2024]. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hip-replacement/
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Joint replacement (primary): hip, knee and shoulder. NICE guideline [NG157]. Published June 4, 2020. Accessed [8th of March 2024]. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng157
- Liljensøe A, Laursen JO, Bliddal H, Søballe K, Mechlenburg I. Weight Loss Intervention Before Total Knee Replacement: A 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial. Scand J Surg. 2021;110(1):3-12. doi:10.1177/1457496919883812
- Fenske, F., Kujat, B., Krause, L. et al. Preoperative dental screening can reduce periprosthetic infections of hip and knee endoprostheses in the first month after surgery: results of a cohort study. Infection (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-023-02128-2
- Soffin EM, YaDeau JT. Enhanced recovery after surgery for primary hip and knee arthroplasty: a review of the evidence. Br J Anaesth. 2016;117(suppl 3):iii62-iii72. doi:10.1093/bja/aew362
- Dowsey MM, Choong PF. Obesity is a major risk factor for prosthetic infection after primary hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(1):153-158. doi:10.1007/s11999-007-0016-3
- Aggarwal A, Adie S, Harris IA, Naylor J. Cryotherapy following total knee replacement. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2023, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD007911. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007911.pub3.
Last Reviewed:
March 13, 2024
|
Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
