Educational Articles -
References
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Executing and maintaining your exercise plan
- K.R. Martin, K. Tindel, R. Lackland, and J. Glover. "Behavioral strategies to promote physical activity" 2020.
- A. Lindsay Smith, M. Banting, K. Eime, S. O’Sullivan, and J. van Uffelen. "Social support and physical activity among older adults: a systematic review" 2017.
- E. McAuley, M. Mullen, J. Kramer, E. Wojcicki, and R. White. "Maintaining physical activity post-intervention: follow-up of a behavioral intervention to promote physical activity in older adults" 2019.
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Last Reviewed:
July 16, 2024
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Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Concussion - Sleep hygiene
- Mollayeva T, Colantonio A, Cassidy JD, Vernich L, Shapiro CM.Sleep Disturbance After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. 2013
- Makley MJ, English JB, Drubach DA, Kreuz AJ, Celnik PA, Lyketsos CG. Sleep and Traumatic Brain Injury. 2009
- Castriotta RJ, Wilde MC, Lai JM, Atanasov S, Masel BE, Kuna ST. Sleep Disorders and Traumatic Brain Injury. 2007
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Last Reviewed:
July 16, 2024
|
Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
What to expect after a total hip replacement
- Wei B, Tang C, Li X, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols in total knee arthroplasty via midvastus approach: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1):856. Published 2021 Oct 8. doi:10.1186/s12891-021-04731-6
- Soffin EM, YaDeau JT. Enhanced recovery after surgery for primary hip and knee arthroplasty: a review of the evidence. Br J Anaesth. 2016;117(suppl 3):iii62-iii72. doi:10.1093/bja/aew362
- Aggarwal A, Adie S, Harris IA, Naylor J. Cryotherapy following total knee replacement. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;(9):CD007911. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007911.pub3
- Machin JT, et al. An Analysis of a National Administrative Dataset Demonstrating No Evidence of Increase in Elective Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Dislocation Rates When Postoperative Hip Precautions are Not Used. J Arthroplasty. 2022;37(12):2365-2373. doi:10.1016/j.arth.2022.05.040.
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Last Reviewed:
March 19, 2024
|
Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Sciatica
- Low back pain. Current Care Guidelines. Working group set up by the Finnish Medical Society Duodecim and the Finnish Association of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Helsinki: The Finnish Medical Society Duodecim; 2017. Accessed [January 31, 2024]. Available online at: www.kaypahoito.fi
- Furlong B et al. Patient education materials for non-specific low back pain and sciatica: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(10):e0274527. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274527
- Lee J et al. Low back and radicular pain: a pathway for care developed by the British Pain Society. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(1):112-120. doi:10.1093/bja/aet172
- Konstantinou K et al. Prognosis of sciatica and back-related leg pain in primary care: the ATLAS cohort. Spine J. 2018;18(6):1030-1040. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2017.10.071
- Dahm KT et al. Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low-back pain and sciatica. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(6):CD007612. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007612.pub2
- Dove L et al. How effective are physiotherapy interventions in treating people with sciatica? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J. 2023;32:517–533. doi:10.1007/s00586-022-07356-y
- Fernandez MM et al. Advice to Stay Active or Structured Exercise in the Management of Sciatica A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Spine. 2015;40(18):1457-1466. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000001036
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management. NICE Guideline [NG59]. Published November 30, 2016. Last updated December 11, 2020. Accessed [January 31, 2024]. Available online at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng59
- Suri P et al. Recurrence of Pain After Usual Nonoperative Care for Symptomatic Lumbar Disk Herniation: Analysis of Data From the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial. PM R. 2016;8(5):405-414. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.10.016
- Lewis RA et al. Comparative clinical effectiveness of management strategies for sciatica: systematic review and network meta-analyses. Spine J. 2015;15(6):1461-1477. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2013.08.049
- Bastos RM et al. Treatment-based classification for low back pain: systematic review with meta-analysis. J Man Manip Ther. 2022;30(4):207–227. doi:10.1080/10669817.2021.2024677
- Ogollah R et al. Determining One-Year Trajectories of Low-Back-Related Leg Pain in Primary Care Patients: Growth Mixture Modeling of a Prospective Cohort Study. Arthritis Care Res. 2018;70(12):DOI:10.1002/acr.23556
- Ostelo RWJG. Physiotherapy management of sciatica. J Physiother. 2020;66(2):83-88. DOI: 1[0.1016/j.jphys.2020.03.005]
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Last Reviewed:
March 15, 2024
|
Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
