Educational Articles -
References
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Dealing with anxiety and gloom after COVID-19
- Sartorius N. "Mental Health and Chronic Physical Illness: The Need for Continued and Integrated Care" 2018.
- Huang Y, Zhao N. "Depression and Anxiety in Patients with COVID-19" 2020.
- Van Houdenhove B, Luyten P. "The Role of Emotions in Musculoskeletal Pain: An Embodied Perspective" 2006.
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Last Reviewed:
July 16, 2024
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Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Concussion - Sleep hygiene
- Mollayeva T, Colantonio A, Cassidy JD, Vernich L, Shapiro CM.Sleep Disturbance After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. 2013
- Makley MJ, English JB, Drubach DA, Kreuz AJ, Celnik PA, Lyketsos CG. Sleep and Traumatic Brain Injury. 2009
- Castriotta RJ, Wilde MC, Lai JM, Atanasov S, Masel BE, Kuna ST. Sleep Disorders and Traumatic Brain Injury. 2007
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Last Reviewed:
July 16, 2024
|
Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Sciatica
- Low back pain. Current Care Guidelines. Working group set up by the Finnish Medical Society Duodecim and the Finnish Association of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Helsinki: The Finnish Medical Society Duodecim; 2017. Accessed [January 31, 2024]. Available online at: www.kaypahoito.fi
- Furlong B et al. Patient education materials for non-specific low back pain and sciatica: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(10):e0274527. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274527
- Lee J et al. Low back and radicular pain: a pathway for care developed by the British Pain Society. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(1):112-120. doi:10.1093/bja/aet172
- Konstantinou K et al. Prognosis of sciatica and back-related leg pain in primary care: the ATLAS cohort. Spine J. 2018;18(6):1030-1040. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2017.10.071
- Dahm KT et al. Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low-back pain and sciatica. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(6):CD007612. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007612.pub2
- Dove L et al. How effective are physiotherapy interventions in treating people with sciatica? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J. 2023;32:517–533. doi:10.1007/s00586-022-07356-y
- Fernandez MM et al. Advice to Stay Active or Structured Exercise in the Management of Sciatica A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Spine. 2015;40(18):1457-1466. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000001036
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management. NICE Guideline [NG59]. Published November 30, 2016. Last updated December 11, 2020. Accessed [January 31, 2024]. Available online at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng59
- Suri P et al. Recurrence of Pain After Usual Nonoperative Care for Symptomatic Lumbar Disk Herniation: Analysis of Data From the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial. PM R. 2016;8(5):405-414. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.10.016
- Lewis RA et al. Comparative clinical effectiveness of management strategies for sciatica: systematic review and network meta-analyses. Spine J. 2015;15(6):1461-1477. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2013.08.049
- Bastos RM et al. Treatment-based classification for low back pain: systematic review with meta-analysis. J Man Manip Ther. 2022;30(4):207–227. doi:10.1080/10669817.2021.2024677
- Ogollah R et al. Determining One-Year Trajectories of Low-Back-Related Leg Pain in Primary Care Patients: Growth Mixture Modeling of a Prospective Cohort Study. Arthritis Care Res. 2018;70(12):DOI:10.1002/acr.23556
- Ostelo RWJG. Physiotherapy management of sciatica. J Physiother. 2020;66(2):83-88. DOI: 1[0.1016/j.jphys.2020.03.005]
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Last Reviewed:
March 15, 2024
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Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Lateral elbow pain - Understanding lateral elbow tendinopathy
- Buchanan BK, Varacallo M. Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow). In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; August 4, 2023.
- Landesa-Piñeiro L, Leirós-Rodríguez R. Physiotherapy treatment of lateral epicondylitis: A systematic review. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2022;35(3):463-477. doi:10.3233/BMR-210053
- Bisset LM, Vicenzino B. Physiotherapy management of lateral epicondylalgia. J Physiother. 2015;61(4):174-181. doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2015.07.015
- Lucado AM, Day JM, Vincent JI, et al. Lateral Elbow Pain and Muscle Function Impairments. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2022;52(12):CPG1-CPG111. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.0302
- Overview, Tennis elbow. NHS. 2020. Accessed: 18th of Jan 2024, Available: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tennis-elbow/
- Johns N, Shridhar V. Lateral epicondylitis: Current concepts. Aust J Gen Pract. 2020;49(11):707-709. doi:10.31128/AJGP-07-20-5519
- Hand and Forearm Overuse Disorders. Current Care Guidelines. Working group set up by the Finnish Medical Society Duodecim and the Finnish Cardiac Society. Helsinki: The Finnish Medical Society Duodecim, 2022 (referred Jan 18th, 2024). Available online at: www.kaypahoito.fi (In Finnish)
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Last Reviewed:
January 24, 2024
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Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
