Educational Articles -
References
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Pelvic Floor Health
- Wallace SL, Miller LD, Mishra K. Pelvic floor physical therapy in the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction in women. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Dec;31(6):485-493. doi: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000584. PMID: 31609735.
- Raizada V, Mittal RK. Pelvic floor anatomy and applied physiology. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2008 Sep;37(3):493-509, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2008.06.003. PMID: 18793993; PMCID: PMC2617789.
- Vaz CT, Sampaio RF, Saltiel F, Figueiredo EM. Effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training and bladder training for women with urinary incontinence in primary care: a pragmatic controlled trial. Braz J Phys Ther. 2019 Mar-Apr;23(2):116-124. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.01.007. Epub 2019 Jan 19. PMID: 30704906; PMCID: PMC6428909.
- Cho ST, Kim KH. Pelvic floor muscle exercise and training for coping with urinary incontinence. J Exerc Rehabil. 2021 Dec 27;17(6):379-387. doi: 10.12965/jer.2142666.333. PMID: 35036386; PMCID: PMC8743604.
- Szumilewicz A, Dornowski M, Piernicka M, Worska A, Kuchta A, Kortas J, Błudnicka M, Radzimiński Ł, Jastrzębski Z. High-Low Impact Exercise Program Including Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises Improves Pelvic Floor Muscle Function in Healthy Pregnant Women - A Randomized Control Trial. Front Physiol. 2019 Jan 30;9:1867. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01867. PMID: 30761019; PMCID: PMC6363702.
- Radzimińska A, Strączyńska A, Weber-Rajek M, Styczyńska H, Strojek K, Piekorz Z. The impact of pelvic floor muscle training on the quality of life of women with urinary incontinence: a systematic literature review. Clin Interv Aging. 2018 May 17;13:957-965. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S160057. PMID: 29844662; PMCID: PMC5962309.
- Menezes EC, da Silva Pereira F, Porto RM, Fank F, Mazo GZ. Effect of exercise on female pelvic floor morphology and muscle function: a systematic review. Int Urogynecol J. 2023 May;34(5):963-977. doi: 10.1007/ s00192-022-05375-3. Epub 2022 Oct 7. Erratum in: Int Urogynecol J. 2023 May;34(5):979-980. doi: 10.1007/ s00192-023-05521-5. PMID: 36205725.
- Jorge, J., & Bustamante-Lopez, L. (2022). Pelvic floor anatomy. Annals Of Laparoscopic And Endoscopic Surgery, 7. doi:10.21037/ales-2022-06
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Last Reviewed:
March 10, 2025
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Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Tips and advice after COVID-19
- Greenhalgh T, Knight M, A’Court C, Buxton M, Husain L. "Managing COVID-19 symptoms in the community: a summary of best practice" 2020.
- Nieman DC, Wentz LM. "Exercise and COVID-19: Good for your heart, good for your immunity" 2020.
- Hall G, Laddu DR, Phillips SA, Lavie CJ, Arena R. "Physical activity for the prevention and management of COVID-19: What do we know and what should we do?" 2020.
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Last Reviewed:
July 16, 2024
|
Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Training principles - progressive overload
- Malliaras P, Cook JL, Purdam CR, Rio E. "The role of load in injury rehabilitation: a functional approach" 2015.
- Khan KM, Scott A. "Mechanotherapy: how physical therapists’ prescription of exercise promotes tissue repair" 2009.
- Cook JL, Docking S. "Progressive loading for the rehabilitation of tendon injuries" 2015.
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Last Reviewed:
July 16, 2024
|
Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
COPD - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- BLF, B. L. (2019, Sept 01). COPD (Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease). Retrieved April 12, 2022, from Asthma + Lung UK: https://www.blf.org.uk/support-for-you/copd/treatmentBLF (2020, Aug). Keeping Active with a lung condition. Retrieved May 10, 2022 from Asthma + Lung UK: https://www.blf.org.uk/support-for-you/keep-active/why-is-it-important
- BMJ, B. M. (2021, December 6). COPD, What Is It? Retrieved April 21, 2022, from Patient Information from BMJ: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/patient-leaflets/en-gb/html/1533377903537/COPD%3A%20what%20is%20it%3F
- Bolton CE, B.-S. E. (2013). BTS Guideline on Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Adults : acccredited by NICE. Thorax , 68: ii1- ii30.
- GOLD, G. I. (2020, Jan 01). Pocket Guide to COPD diagnosis, management, and prevention. A Guide for Health Care Professionals. Retrieved April 12, 2022, from Global Initiative for COPD: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/GOLD-2020-POCKET-GUIDE-ver1.0_FINAL-WMV.pdf
- Haplin, D. (2004). NICE Guidance for COPD, A further step in the process of developing better service and standards of care for patients with COPD. Thorax , 181–182.
- NICE, N. I. (2018). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in over 16s: diagnosis and management. UK: NICE.
- van Eerd EAM, v. d. (2016, August 20). Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Retrieved April 20, 2022, from Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD010744.pub2/full
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Last Reviewed:
July 16, 2024
|
Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
