Educational Articles -
References
Concussion - Ocular dysfunction
- Vision Issues from Concussions: What You Should Know About Ocular Symptoms. UPMC HealthBeat Editorial Team. 2020
- Armstrong RA. Vision as a Piece of the Head Trauma Puzzle. 2018
- Multiple Authors. Visual Disturbances After Concussion. 2014
Last Reviewed:
July 16, 2024
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Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Concussion - Cognitive fatigue
- Rabinowitz AR, Levin HS. Cognitive and Neurobehavioral Outcomes Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. 2014
- Theadom A, Cropley M, Parmar P, Barker-Collo S, Starkey N, Jones K, Feigin V. Fatigue and Sleep Disorders in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. 2016
- Ziino C, Ponsford J. Cognitive Fatigue in Individuals With Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury. 2005
Last Reviewed:
July 16, 2024
|
Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
What to expect after a total shoulder replacement
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Joint replacement (primary): hip, knee and shoulder. NICE guideline [NG157]. Published June 4, 2020. Accessed [5th of Feb 2024]. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng157
- Eichinger JK, Galvin JW. Management of complications after total shoulder arthroplasty. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2015;8(1):83-91. doi:10.1007/s12178-014-9251-x
- Lewis T, Garg S. Shoulder Replacement. James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; February 2021. Accessed [5th of Feb 2024]. https://www.jpaget.nhs.uk/media/552943/Shoulder-Replacement.pdf
- Coxa Hospital. Patient Guide: Shoulder Arthroplasty. Published November 20, 2018. Accessed [5th of Feb 2024]. [https://www.coxa.fi/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Coxa_Olkapääopas-20-11-2018_SUOMI.pdf]
Last Reviewed:
March 19, 2024
|
Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
Preoperative: Shoulder release
- Mayo Clinic Staff. Shoulder replacement surgery care. Mayo Clinic, 2024.
- NHS. Recovering from shoulder surgery. NHS UK, 2023.
- Funk, L. Rehabilitation after shoulder surgery. ShoulderDoc, 2023.
- OTA. Post-surgical rehabilitation guidelines for shoulder injuries. Orthopaedic Trauma Association, 2023.
Last Reviewed:
December 16, 2024
|
Last Updated:
September 19, 2025
Level
Type of evidence
I
Large RCTs with clear cut results
II
Small RCTs with unclear results
III
Cohort and case-control studies
IV
Historical cohort or case-control studies
V
Case series, studies with no controls
Level of Evidence:
